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A VPN, or virtual private arrange, could be a secure burrow between your gadget and the web. VPNs are utilized to secure your online activity from snooping, obstructions, and censorship. Express VPN can moreover act as an intermediary, permitting you to mask or alter your area and surf the net namelessly from wherever you need. 

Indeed, on the off chance that you’ve got nothing to hide, you likely don’t just like the thought of being observed and followed. So, the most reason why internet users select VPN administrations is online protection and common security. When you browse the web employing a VPN, your communications are scrambled, so your ISP, government, hackers and other third parties are not able to see which websites you visit and cannot meddle along with your online activities. Another awesome thing approximately employing a VPN is mere can get to the global web wherever you’re. A VPN permits you to put through to hundreds of inaccessible servers in several areas, this way bypassing censorship. You can also buy VPN with Bitcoin. Here are a number of most common cases after you ought to unequivocally consider employing a VPN:

• If You are a Journalist

A few nations do not have the same assurances for flexibility of the press, discourse, and expression that most equitable nations appreciate. In truth, a few administrations resort to cruel measures to screen and rebuff those whom they see as dangers to the government. Individuals who set out to stand up ought to take additional safety measures to ensure their communications. Journalists and analysts moreover send messages with touchy information in their line of work. A few individuals may attempt exceptionally difficult to capture their communications. Using a VPN gives additional security for such delicate messages. Other than, changing the IP makes it seem like they are being gotten or sent from a distinctive area. Which will be extraordinary offer assistance in securing your physical security or data sources.

• If You Want to Avoid Government Check 

At that point, there’s the far-reaching observation by neighbourhood and outside governments. The Snowden spills and a long time of follow-up announcing have appeared us the endless scope and reach of around the world reconnaissance. It would be illicit for police officers to look at your domestic without a warrant. However, government organizations track and collect your browsing action, messages, social posts, and other private information. They indeed share this data over national borders. Using a dependable no-logs VPN benefit gives you a tall degree of protection. It ensures you not as it were from ISP following but too from cover government observation. 

• If You Use Public WiFi Regularly 

When you’re employing an open Wi-Fi network, indeed a password-protected one, a VPN is your best companion. That’s since utilizing open hotspots can be overflowing with risks. Programmers have numerous strategies to capture your web activity and take your passwords, records, and photos. The great news is that a VPN permits you to halt stressing almost information misfortune or personality robbery. With a VPN association, you’ll be able to check your mail and social media accounts, make keeping money exchanges and shop online in full security. Indeed, on free Wi-Fi. 

Space X founder Elon Musk was not shy about his appreciation for carbon fiber when he unveiled his company’s BFR rocket project a few years ago. Musk believed that carbon fiber would play a key role in helping Space X build a massive space vehicle that would make Mars colonization a reality. Then, seemingly without warning, Musk abandoned carbon fiber in favor of steel.

His company’s rationale for shelving carbon fiber was cost. Understandably, Space X can save a lot of money by building its rocket bodies out of stainless steel. The simple fact of the matter is that it costs a lot less than carbon fiber.

It turns out that Musk’s loss might be someone else’s gain. According to Composites Today, the Australian government recently announced a $3 million investment in a company working on creating lightweight rocket fuel tanks. The company, working in concert with partners from the public and private sector, believes it can produce a carbon fiber fuel tank that will cut the cost of space travel by 25%.

Advanced Materials and Fabricating

Gilmour Space Technologies, Teakle Composites, and the University of Southern Queensland have been working on a $12.5 million project to develop and manufacture cryo tanks for lifting rockets off the ground. The tanks need to be flight-ready from the get-go.

Achieving their mission is forcing the consortium to look at both advanced materials and fabricating methods. They believe they’ve come up with the right solution for both. Their design calls for composite materials and a robotic filament winding process capable of producing a rocket body that can withstand the extreme conditions of space travel.

Key to the project’s money-saving goals is the weight of the rocket bodies. That is one of the reasons composite materials were chosen. Consortium researchers believe their design will reduce overall weight by 30%. As a result, less fuel will be required to get vehicles into space. That is where the financial savings come into play.

Production Costs Unknown

Saving 25% in fuel costs is obviously a good thing. However, what we do not yet know is how much it will cost to produce the fuel tanks. If the tanks are intended to be recycled for multiple flights, researchers could get away with a slightly higher production cost knowing that multiple uses will ultimately bring costs down. If we are looking at single use tanks however, the cost of production has to be lower than the amount of fuel savings or the project becomes moot.

Production costs are usually the biggest hurdle in aerospace composite manufacturing, according to Rock West Composites. Rock West explains that the high cost of production is that which keeps many industries – like the automotive industry – from adopting composites on a larger scale. Remember that it was cost that forced Space X to set aside its plans for carbon fiber and turn attentions to steal.

Proving Space X Wrong

So, is the Australian government and its consortium of aerospace developers picking up where Space X left off? Whether intentionally or not, they are. They may end up proving Space X wrong in the long run. It all depends on whether or not they can make their design a reality without breaking the bank.

To be fair to Space X, the Australian consortium’s project is on an entirely different plane than the Space X project. They might very well be able to achieve all of their goals without coming up with a model that would make sense for Musk’s Mars ambitions. We will have to wait and see.

Everyone is of the view that in the past few years, Virtual Private Servers (“VPS”) have exploded in the hosting industry. Most of the web hosting services are using these servers in order to make their services better. 

A lot of people think that the type of hosting used doesn’t matter. There is no doubt in the fact that VPS can be majorly beneficial for you. You can even buy VPS with Bitcoin from Monovm in this day and age. Nevertheless, here are the few benefits of using a Virtual Private Server:

• Better reliability

Shared hosting is like a series circuit. The entire server will crash down if there is one bad user. Shared web hosting will be a thing of the past in no time. Web hosting done on a shared server can be pretty much problem since it will negatively impact your website’s performance. It is better to look out for alternatives. There is no doubt in the fact that using a VPS can ensure better reliability and increase stability as well. 

• Better control

If you want to gain better, and in fact, total control of the server, then choosing a VPS is pretty much beneficial. You have full root access to the server. The server environment can be adapted according to your needs and preferences. This means customized control over the server. You can adjust the settings that suit you the most. You can even optimize it for better performance and security. Therefore, you can bypass all the potential issues. 

• Better efficiency

This is one of the most undermined benefits in this day and age. A lot of users are not aware of the fact that how using a VPS can be more efficient. Green web hosting is now becoming much popular in this day and age. With a dedicated server, you are consuming all the resources of a server. This means that you are the only person who is benefiting from the server’s power consumption. In the case of VPS, the resources are used more optimally, hence saving a lot of energy. 

• Scaling resources

There are a lot of startups that want to grow their website into something large. This can only happen if you can scale your web hosting resources. When you host using a VPS, the environment is hosted in a container. A certain amount of resources are allocated to the container depending on the package that is being purchased. This means that resources can be easily scaled throughout. 

• Save costs

There is a misconception in the market that VPS will cost a lot. This is not the case anymore. In fact, VPS hosting solutions are much cheaper compared to conventional options. With advancements in the technologies, the prices will only decrease in the near future. You can get a small VPS for as less as $30 per month. However, the packages would vary in price according to the different features within the package and its quality.

Bots from firms like Convertobot are the future of online business. In fact, more businesses are using chatbots on their websites than those that are not. 

Marketers have yet to fully explore the marketing possibilities of chatbots but with more competition, the day is soon coming when they will. Chatbots are bound to be the next great marketing channel due to their prevalence and reach in modern online business endeavours. 

A chatbot is simply a computer program that automates particular tasks. However, conversational chatbots are the most common among them and usually chat with a user using a conversational interface. 

Simple chatbots are pre-programmed by developers while more advanced chatbots use Artificial Intelligence (A.I). With the use of A.I, chatbots can comprehend complicated commands, customize responses to the user and improve over time among other things. 

Marketing Through Chatbots

With the development of AI-powered chatbots, processes are shortened and reduced to several steps beginning with asking the chatbot. Such a chatbot will ask you several questions to gauge your intent, and then offer you the appropriate information to fulfil your request. 

The beauty of marketing products and services through a chatbot is that they offer the information to consumers directly where they are i.e. when chatting with a bot. with modern users wanting to research products before they buy them and wanting information as soon as possible, a chatbot is a perfect avenue to satisfy user’s needs.

For example, if a customer uses a chatbot to ask for a service such as to an ask for an Uber ride, it is easy for Uber to present other services and products to the customer at this point. It not only feels organic as it is the context of the same conversation but customers are more likely to take a good look at the offering that if it were to be presented through regular online advertising channels. 

Marketing through chatbots solves one of the primordial problems of marketing which is users feeling that they are being bombarded by advertisements. Instead, marketing is customized and associated with past purchasers of the user which reduces the need for many advertisements to capture the user’s attention. 

With messaging applications being used by billions of users every day, it is no surprise that the future of online marketing is in chatbots. People are using messaging platforms instead of their associated social networks more than ever before. 

The increased use of online messaging platforms is one of the significant shifts that has happened to consumer behaviour in the past decade. Brands are going to have to take advantage of this avenue to stay ahead of the competition.  

The shift from email marketing and social media advertising has put the users in control of their purchasing decisions. Therefore, any company that can advertise to users and provide value where they actually spend their time online i.e. messaging platforms, will be ahead of the curve. 

Providing a direct line to users between a problem and a solution is the largest advantage of marketing via chatbots. Using chatbots across all devices is an opportunity for marketing whenever users are and are certainly where we are headed. 

An Overview

Over the years, human beings have been teaching machines to act on their own. However, even today, the machines do not make all decisions autonomously. In fact, the data scientists who perform machine learning do not create Artificial Intelligence (AI) in many cases. Instead, they develop basic predictive models. In these instances, the machines do not make automatic decisions; educated, trained experts make the final calls. The human experts use the predictive models as decision-making aids. 

Deep learning is more powerful. It enables machines to make autonomous decisions. Some of the popular applications of deep learning are in the areas of automated driving, medical research, aerospace and defense, and industrial automation. Companies have been applying deep learning techniques to create automated vehicles that do not require human supervision. These self-driving vehicles detect stop signs, traffic lights, pedestrians and other vehicles. They monitor critical road conditions to safely travel from one place to another. Medical researchers have been applying deep learning to create machines that can observe patterns and detect various diseases, tumors and cancer. Deep learning is used in aerospace and defense organizations to sift through streams of data in real time, looking for signals or targets of interest. This helps to assess battle scenarios and enable faster situational analysis in the air or on the ground. Deep learning has been helping industries in preventative maintenance and repairs, condition monitoring to improve machine efficiency, and optimizing supply chains.

Krishna C. Mukherjee is one of the key driving forces behind ushering in this fascinating era of AI. He is a former Microsoft executive. His illustrious professional career spans over three decades – from 1988 to present. He played a pivotal role in the architecture, design and development of Microsoft’s most famous products – Office and Windows. In the early 1990s, he introduced AI technology at Microsoft and was at the heart of AI projects undertaken at the company. In the late 1990s, he invented the AI technology called “Intelligent Filing Manager” to automate workflows and make business processes highly efficient. He established the Software as a Service (SaaS) model and paved the way for efficiently performing business transactions on the cloud. He directed the development of the popular Bloomberg Valuation Service, or BVAL, that accurately prices millions of financial instruments across multiple asset classes. He used quantitative algorithms and AI to develop BVAL. Thus, Mukherjee introduced AI into the finance industry and helped to build the foundation of modern financial technology, or FinTech. Subsequently, Mukherjee created the AutoPay platform and revolutionized the payments industry. He has implemented omni-channel retailing applications with built-in recommendation systems. He has been creating AI-based customer services solutions with interactive voice response (IVR) systems and chatbots that have natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning capabilities. 

Impact of AI

Man has long feared the rise of the machine – his own creation surpassing him. While AI is rapidly changing the world, humanity does not need to be afraid of AI. 

The endless possibilities offered by AI have made it a subject of study for almost everyone. In the summer of 1956, John McCarthy held the first workshop on AI at the Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. To understand the importance of the advances in AI, it is necessary to know what AI is today and where it has come since its official birth. 

It is undeniable that AI has brought about social changes. However, we still do not know all the implications – good and bad – of these changes. To complicate matters, many in the media talk about AI and assume changes that have not yet happened. These types of talks tend to confuse the audience, who are interested to know the real impact of AI and not the exaggerations surrounding it. Therefore, it must be possible to dispel misinformation and separate the facts from the myths to gain a true appreciation of AI.

Machine learning and deep learning

Understanding the latest advancements in AI can prove to be overwhelming. Many of the AI innovations can be narrowed down to the two concepts – machine learning and deep learning – that we have looked at earlier in this article. 

Zendesk defines machine learning as “Algorithms that parse data, learn from that data, and then apply what they have learned to make informed decisions.” Essentially, machine learning is a tool for converting information into knowledge. In recent years, there has been an explosion of data from the Web, e-mail messages, social media content (tweets, blogs, posts on Facebook), as well as machine-generated data from sensors and from electronic trading systems. As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more prevalent, the volume of data is going to grow even more. For all this data to be useful, we need to analyze and find the patterns hidden within it. Machine learning techniques are used to automatically find these underlying patterns that we would otherwise may not be able to discover. 

Krishna C. Mukherjee has been building predictive recommendation systems. A simple example of a machine learning algorithm is an on-demand music streaming service that can make decisions about which new artists or songs to recommend to a listener. Such machine learning algorithms matches the profiles of listeners, associate a listener’s preferences with other listeners who have a similar musical taste, and make recommendations. This matching technique is used in types of other services that offer automated recommendations. Online stores, for example, use recommendation systems to suggest ensembles of associated products to the shoppers. The predictive search feature of search engines predicts a user’s search query as it is typed. This feature provides a dropdown list of suggestions that changes as the user adds more characters to the search input. 

Traditional software engineering combines human created rules with data to find the answers to a problem. Machine learning, on the other hand, uses data and answers to discover the rules behind a problem. To learn the rules governing a phenomenon, machines have to go through a learning process, in which they try different rules and learn from how well the rules perform. There are multiple forms of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised , semi-supervised and reinforcement learning. These forms have varying approaches, but they follow the same underlying theory and process. A lot of times, the lines between these different forms of machine learning blur.

Krishna C. Mukherjee has been exploring deep learning approaches to build conversational AI systems. Deep learning can be considered to be a subset of machine learning. However, its capabilities are different. While machine learning models do become progressively better at performing their tasks, they still need human guidance from time to time. If a machine learning algorithm returns an inaccurate prediction, then a software engineer has to adjust the algorithm. With a deep learning model, an algorithm can determine on its own if a prediction is accurate or not, without any human guidance. A deep learning model is designed to continually analyze data with a logic structure that is similar to how a human brain would draw conclusions. To achieve this, deep learning applications use a layered structure of algorithms called an artificial neural network. The design of an artificial neural network is inspired by the biological neural network of the human brain, leading to a process of learning that is far more capable than that of standard machine learning models.

It is difficult to guarantee that a deep learning model will never come to any incorrect conclusions. Making the models accurate requires imparting lots of training during the learning phase. The new deep learning models use artificial neural networks with many layers of processing units. These models are trained exhaustively with massive amounts of data. They take advantage of advances in computing power and improved training techniques to learn complex patterns in large amounts of data. When it works as intended, deep learning is considered to be a scientific marvel and the very backbone of AI.

Through his creations, Krishna C. Mukherjee has greatly enhanced the automation and prediction capabilities of AI. He and pioneers like him have brought about the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in which AI is redefining our lives.

There are several cementing equipment types that are used while drilling oil, gas, or water wells. The casing will be installed at various depths while drilling. It is usually held in place by cement which also provides zone isolation. The casing is run to protect the wellbore from fluids, pressures, and wellbore stability problems.

There is various downhole equipment such as centralizers and turbolizers and they are used to ensure satisfactory zone isolation. 

Centralizers, Turbolizers, and Scratchers

The devices with hinged collars and bow springs keep the casing or liner in the centre of a wellbore. It helps in ensuring efficient placement of a cement sheath around the casing string. In case the casing strings are cemented off-centre, there is a risk that drilling fluid will be left where the casing contacts create an imperfect seal.

The turbolizers have added fins for drilling fluid and cement to keep the flow steady to make sure the cement flows around the casing to prevent channelling.

There are four types of centralizers such as bow-spring, rigid, semi-rigid, and mould-on. The bow-spring consist of ease in the passageway through narrow hole sections. The rigid centralizers are made up of solid steel bars or cast iron with a fixed blade height. They are sized so that they can fit a specific casing or hole sizes.  Semi-rigid centralizers are composed of double-crested bows, which provide restoring forces that are generally in API specifications.

Flat Shoe 

Afloat shoe, having a rounded profile is attached to the bottom of the casing string and it prevents reverse flow. It also guides the casing towards the centre of the hole to minimize washouts in the casing. The outer portion of float shoe is made up of steel and matches the casing size and threads. The inside is made up of cement or thermoplastic since the material is drilled out and it requires deepening beyond the casing point.

Float Collar 

Float Collar is installed near the casing string and cement plugs land on it during the primary cementing operation. It helps in retaining the inside casing that has become contaminated. It is quite similar to float shoe and both are used for redundancy.

The check valve assembly fixed within a float collar prevents the flow back of cement slurry when pumping is stopped. The above type should help you in choosing the different cementing equipment types. There are several cementing equipment companies who manufacture different cementing equipment types.